Tim Cook

Tim Cook is an American executive who joined Apple in 1998 as senior vice president of worldwide operations, rebuilt its supply chain around low inventory, and became chief executive in 2011.

b. 1960 Apple CEO, former operations chief

What they did and why it matters

Cook showed how tightly managed operations and very low inventory can become a competitive advantage, and Apple's supply chain is still a common benchmark. After joining Apple he cut the number of key suppliers, closed many of its warehouses, and moved manufacturing to contract partners, reducing inventory from weeks of supply to days. Fewer days of inventory freed cash and reduced the risk of obsolete stock in a fast-changing product line. Brands tracking inventory turnover and days of inventory are measuring the metrics Cook made famous.

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