Freight Density

Freight density now decides the LTL class for most products, so it directly sets what you pay per pallet. Since NMFC Docket 2025-1, most commodities are classed on a 13-tier density scale, and lighter, bulkier pallets fall into higher classes that cost more per pound. For example, a 48 × 40 × 50 inch pallet weighing 500 pounds is 55.6 cubic feet and about 9 pounds per cubic foot, which is class 100 on the density scale. Overhang or loose stacking adds volume and can push the class higher.

Density (lb/ft³) = weight (lb) ÷ (L × W × H in inches ÷ 1,728)

How do I calculate freight density for an LTL pallet?

Multiply length, width, and height in inches, divide by 1,728 to get cubic feet, then divide the total weight in pounds by that number. Measure the outermost points, including the pallet and any overhang.

What freight class is my pallet based on density?

Calculate the density, then look it up on the NMFC density scale or in your carrier's tariff. On the current 13-tier scale, 8 to under 10 pounds per cubic foot is class 100 for commodities classed by density.

How can I increase freight density?

Stack cartons tightly to the pallet edge without overhang, use the lowest pallet height that fits, and avoid partly empty top layers. Measuring each pallet accurately also prevents a carrier from reclassifying it at a higher class.

• Freight ClassLTL pricing rating from 50 to 500
• National Motor Freight ClassificationNMFCStandard that sets LTL freight classes
• PalletFlat platform for stacking goods
• Freight ReclassificationCarrier correction to your freight class